GLOBAL SURVEYS ON FORCED EVICTIONSGlobal Survey 11 (July 2009)
Center of Housing Rights and Evictions
Cover photo: Forced eviction in Cambodia, 2007. Photo courtesy of Samakum Teang Tnaut (STT).
The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions is registered in Brazil, Cambodia, Ghana, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, The Netherlands and the US as a not-for-profit organization
…Defining forced evictions and security of tenure
The term ‘forced evictions,’ as defined in General Comment No. 7 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, is “the permanent or temporary removal of individuals, families and/or communities against their will from the homes and/or land that they occupy, without the provision of, and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other protection.”14 As a result, any action that results in the removal of people from their homes or land against their will, without adequate notice, access to legal remedy, and adequate compensation or rehabilitation, is considered a forced eviction. A forced eviction may therefore also be deemed to have been carried out if communities are pushed out of their dwellings by the cutting off of all services and facilities.
Forced evictions are most common, but not limited to, situations where dwellers do not enjoy security of tenure...
(TRADUCCIÓN PROPIA):
Definiendo los desalojos forzados y la seguridad de tenencia.
El término “desalojos forzados y seguridad de tenencia” como se define en el Comentario General Nº 7 del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, es “la remoción permanente o temporal de individuos, familias y/o comunidades contra su voluntad, de sus hogares y/o tierra que ocupan, sin la previsión de, y el acceso a, apropiadas formas de protección legal o de otra índole”. Como resultado, cualquier acción que resulte en la remoción de personas de sus hogares o tierra contra su voluntad, sin aviso adecuado, acceso a reparos legales, y compensación o rehabilitación, es considerada un desalojo forzado. Un desalojo forzado debe ser considerado tal si las comunidades son presionadas fuera de sus vecindarios por el corte de todos los servicios y facilidades. Los desalojos forzados son más comunes, pero no limitados a situaciones donde los residentes no disfrutan de seguridad de tenencia.
…Key causes of forced evictions
Forced evictions are a result of a variety of processes that disadvantage certain sections of society. Research by COHRE around the world has revealed the following causes of forced evictions to be the most common:
• tenure insecurity/absence of formal tenure rights
• authoritarian top-down planning
• development and infrastructure projects
• large international events, such as major sporting events, conferences, etc.
• urban redevelopment and ‘beautification’ initiatives
• property market forces and ‘gentrification’
• absence of State support for the poor
• political conflict, ethnic cleansing, and war……Venezuela
Though President Chavez's Government has taken steps to regularise housing and recognize housing rights (as described in the “Averted Evictions” section), forced evictions continue to take place on a frequent basis in Venezuela. Such evictions also involve a rising trend of violence, with 37 per cent of incidents reported here from 2008 including some use of violence...
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